In the first version, Persephone is taken from her mother and the goddess of the earth punishes the earth—this is consistent with what we know of human behavior, that human beings take profound satisfaction in doing harm, particularly unconscious harm: we may call this negative creation. Persephone's initial sojourn in hell continues to be pawed over by scholars who dispute the sensations of the virgin: did she cooperate in her rape, or was she drugged, violated against her will, as happens so often now to modern girls. As is well known, the return of the beloved does not correct the loss of the beloved: Persephone returns home stained with red juice like a character in Hawthorne— I am not certain I will keep this word: is earth "home" to Persephone? Is she at home, conceivably, in the bed of the god? Is she at home nowhere? Is she a born wanderer, in other words an existential replica of her own mother, less hamstrung by ideas of causality? You are allowed to like no one, you know. The characters are not people. They are aspects of a dilemma or conflict. Three parts: just as the soul is divided, ego, superego, id. Likewise the three levels of the known world, a kind of diagram that separates heaven from earth from hell. You must ask yourself: where is it snowing? White of forgetfulness, of desecration— It is snowing on earth; the cold wind says Persephone is having sex in hell. Unlike the rest of us, she doesn't know what winter is, only that she is what causes it. She is lying in the bed of Hades. What is in her mind? Is she afraid? Has something blotted out the idea of mind? She does know the earth is run by mothers, this much is certain. She also knows she is not what is called a girl any longer. Regarding incarceration, she believes she has been a prisoner since she has been a daughter. The terrible reunions in store for her will take up the rest of her life. When the passion for expiation is chronic, fierce, you do not choose the way you live. You do not live; you are not allowed to die. You drift between earth and death which seem, finally, strangely alike. Scholars tell us that there is no point in knowing what you want when the forces contending over you could kill you. White of forgetfulness, white of safety— They say there is a rift in the human soul which was not constructed to belong entirely to life. Earth asks us to deny this rift, a threat disguised as suggestion— as we have seen in the tale of Persephone which should be read as an argument between the mother and the lover— the daughter is just meat. When death confronts her, she has never seen the meadow without the daisies. Suddenly she is no longer singing her maidenly songs about her mother's beauty and fecundity. Where the rift is, the break is. Song of the earth, song of the mythic vision of eternal life— My soul shattered with the strain of trying to belong to earth— What will you do, when it is your turn in the field with the god?
"Persephone the Wanderer" from Averno by Louise Glück. Copyright © 2006 by Louise Glück. Reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC.
First, the beast showed up in the middle
of the night, entered the gates without
a sound, sauntering through the field as if
this was its home, my own home. Then came
the day and refused to absolve me of my girlhood,
which was also its own. Its lovely face filled
the streets of my imagination, & though we are
both exhausted, it is just getting started. It does not
know what it wants with me. Its gaze, other-worldly,
carrying with itself the portals to my other-selves
who await us patiently, bearers of thorns and honey,
always speaking without uttering a word, leading me
to my many crucifixions, until I am readied for my own
wanting. It has been told before, the tale of the beast
and the man, the beast and man, the beastman. Man
with too many eyes, limbs far reaching beyond its moat.
I cannot say I did not see the signs; I cannot say
I did not sleep with a sharp blade clutched in my fists.
When, finally, the day of the awakening comes, I rise
girl no more. Instead, I am another, I am other.
And the gnawing has just begun.
Copyright © 2026 by Mahtem Shiferraw. Originally published in Poem-a-Day on February 3, 2026, by the Academy of American Poets.
What they do not tell you about being a son
is that someday you’ll lift your mother out of necessity
& not know how to answer the deep ache in her
that refuses to leave from the botched surgery
on her four neuromas. They won’t mention the graft
of your skin on her skin you would give if it meant
her nerve cells might repair instead of defeat her
—their synapses flooded by the twice-daily pill
with a lyrical name that has strewn only wreckage
across her psyche for two decades so damaged
Achlys wouldn’t want them. Yes, a body can fade
& fragment in these hills like the green-veined
granite tumoring toward blossom, or a bloody
membrane between weeds & cedars. Hope was
a scalpel once. I could slide it across anything & be
healed completely was a dream she told me
repeats in her REM sleep. How do you
give someone who is burning permission
to vanish? Will she reincarnate as a gull
or the gray wave of foam a rogue hurricane
heaves up the local river with a serene quiet
worse than any crashing? How long have I been
still enough to witness it? This is grief. This is
seeing your mother suffer, & a wound made memory.
This is flame transforming: not a prayer but a fire
unquenchable covering our hands, our feet,
the neuromas clinging to our metatarsals
with a persistence so complete we feel no pain
stepping into the mansion in the sky
midnight is preparing. I collect every match
in its kitchen cabinets—scatter them
throughout each inch of this house
& its dry acreage in a dead galaxy
of black hole-filled pastures. I hear
a mockingbird calling her name as I strike
the first one & watch as it consumes the two
closest to it until there is a circuit of fire
connecting my lit skin to hers. Where a son
grieves a mother: a constellation. Where two bodies
meet failure: one crippling brilliance. I brighten
where she does & darken where she does until
we cool to quartz, feldspar, mica, the bedrock
of this firmament no god could have sculpted
or made more imperfect, which is me holding her.
Copyright © 2026 by J. Scott Brownlee. Originally published in Poem-a-Day on April 2, 2026, by the Academy of American Poets.